D-IIoT

The team

The D-IIoT project brings together a team of experts with complementary areas of expertise, covering all the skills needed to successfully complete the project.

 

- Damien Couroussé (CEA), compilation and runtime code generation for performance and cybersecurity.

- Yliès Falcone (LIG, Inria), runtime verification for safety and security.

- Laurent Mounier (Verimag), system validation and code analysis for security.

- Gwen Salaün (LIG, Inria), design, analysis, and deployment of IoT applications.

 

Thanks to Persyval’s financial support, we were able to hire a doctoral student (Irman Faqrizal) for three years and a postdoctoral researcher (Étienne Boespflug) for one year.

 

The objective

The D-IIoT project aims to study and propose new techniques to support the execution of long-running, scalable industrial IoT applications, while ensuring reliability guarantees (e.g., correctness, security, etc.).

 

The main objectives of the project can be summarized as follows:

 

- Monitoring techniques that take into account architecture and data, tailored to IIoT applications, to monitor the running application and predict necessary changes.

- Analysis techniques to verify that the new firmware, device, or software will maintain accuracy, security, and quality of service once integrated into the running application.

- Automated deployment techniques to support and automate the deployment of the updated application without disrupting the affected devices.

 

Work methods or techniques

 

The scientific program of the D-IIoT project is divided into five work packages (WP).

 

WP1 focuses on the formalization of models and properties of IIoT applications. The core technical work is carried out in WPs 2 through 4, which are dedicated to predictive and behavioral monitoring, binary code analysis, and deployment.

WP5 identifies case studies that serve as the basis for validating the project’s main contributions.

 

 

Results

 

The two main contributions of this project are as follows.

 

First, probabilistic model checking is used to verify and analyze the quantitative aspects of the system that arise from the environment. This method involves formal modeling, monitoring, and probabilistic model computation. The results can be used to assess the impact of the environment and to suggest improvements related to the system’s quantitative characteristics, such as productivity.

 

The second contribution consists of two approaches to advancing automation systems.

 

In the first approach, runtime enforcement techniques are used to adapt the application to the requirements. This is achieved through the automatic synthesis and integration of new logical components called enforcers, in order to modify the system’s behavior in accordance with the requirements. The second approach incorporates various algorithms applied to application behavioral models to generate evolution guidelines. These guidelines contain the modifications to be applied so that the application satisfies the given requirements.

 

These two approaches enable developers to avoid errors and unnecessary modifications when upgrading industrial automation systems. These contributions focus on automation systems designed in accordance with IEC 61499, a promising industry standard with many positive features. Existing and new software tools have been developed to conduct case studies and experiments that validate the proposed methods.

 

 

Leverage

 

Y. Falcone and G. Salaün were invited to present some of the project’s results at the 11th International Summer School on Industrial Agents (ISSIA 2025, June 30–July 4, in Ancona, Italy). The title of the presentation was “Quantitative Analysis and Runtime Enforcement for the IEC 61499 Standard.”

 

Another development stemming from the D-IIoT project is the participation of Y. Falcone and G. Salaün in the “Engineering Digital Twins (EDT)” program, which will be funded by the ANR and is scheduled to begin in 2026. This program is supported by the Digital Programs Agency—Algorithms, Software, and Applications. As part of the EDT project, we plan to work on the monitoring and verification of applications involving Digital Twins.

 

 

The 5 main publications

 

Irman Faqrizal, Gwen Salaün, Yliès Falcone:

Adaptive Industrial Control Systems via IEC 61499 and Runtime Enforcement. ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems 19(4): 24:1–24:31 (2024)

 

Irman Faqrizal, Gwen Salaün, Yliès Falcone:

Guided Evolution of IEC 61499 Applications. ETFA 2024: 1–8

 

Irman Faqrizal, Tatiana Liakh, Midhun Xavier, Gwen Salaün, Valeriy Vyatkin:

Probabilistic Model Checking for IEC 61499: A Manufacturing Application. ICIT 2024: 1–6

 

Irman Faqrizal, Gwen Salaün, Yliès Falcone:

Probabilistic Analysis of Industrial IoT Applications. IOT 2022: 41–48

 

Yliès Falcone, Irman Faqrizal, Gwen Salaün:

Runtime Enforcement for IEC 61499 Applications. SEFM 2022: 352–368